多租戶 iPSK 子網路與 DHCP 範圍設計工具
使用 Identity Pre-Shared Keys 為公寓和學生宿舍網路規劃 IP 分配與 DHCP 參數。
規劃您的子網路分配
1. Base IP address block
Enter the starting private IPv4 subnet block (RFC 1918) for the building estate.
2. Number of units
3. Expected devices per unit
10 Devices4. Starting VLAN ID
Base VLAN tag for 802.1Q trunkingSizing 100 units with up to 10 devices each requires 16 IPs per unit (/28 subnet). Your parent pool reserves 2,048 total IP addresses.
Subnet allocation map preview (First 6 of 100 units)
Download the full CSV or JSON file above to obtain all 100 unit records.
| Unit identifier | Subnet CIDR | Gateway IP | Usable DHCP pool range | Broadcast IP | VLAN ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apartment 1 | 10.0.0.0/28 | 10.0.0.1 | 10.0.0.2 - 10.0.0.14 | 10.0.0.15 | VLAN 101 |
| Apartment 2 | 10.0.0.16/28 | 10.0.0.17 | 10.0.0.18 - 10.0.0.30 | 10.0.0.31 | VLAN 102 |
| Apartment 3 | 10.0.0.32/28 | 10.0.0.33 | 10.0.0.34 - 10.0.0.46 | 10.0.0.47 | VLAN 103 |
| Apartment 4 | 10.0.0.48/28 | 10.0.0.49 | 10.0.0.50 - 10.0.0.62 | 10.0.0.63 | VLAN 104 |
| Apartment 5 | 10.0.0.64/28 | 10.0.0.65 | 10.0.0.66 - 10.0.0.78 | 10.0.0.79 | VLAN 105 |
| Apartment 6 | 10.0.0.80/28 | 10.0.0.81 | 10.0.0.82 - 10.0.0.94 | 10.0.0.95 | VLAN 106 |
Wireless controller configuration generator
Select your network hardware stack to produce ready-to-deploy CLI commands and JSON profiles.
# Cisco Meraki MX Security Appliance DHCP & Dynamic VLAN Configuration
# Property Profile: Multi-Tenant Residential WiFi (VLANs 101 to 200)
# WPA2 / WPA3 Enterprise SSID with Identity Pre-Shared Keys (iPSK)
# RADIUS Dynamic VLAN Attribute: Tunnel-Private-Group-ID
# Sample per-unit DHCP scopes (Units 1 to 6):
vlan_101:
name: "Apartment_1"
id: 101
appliance_ip: "10.0.0.1"
subnet: "10.0.0.0/28"
netmask: "255.255.255.240"
dhcp_handling: "Run a DHCP server"
dhcp_lease_time: "1 day"
dhcp_start: "10.0.0.2"
dhcp_end: "10.0.0.14"
dns_nameservers: "custom"
custom_dns: ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
client_isolation: true
vlan_102:
name: "Apartment_2"
id: 102
appliance_ip: "10.0.0.17"
subnet: "10.0.0.16/28"
netmask: "255.255.255.240"
dhcp_handling: "Run a DHCP server"
dhcp_lease_time: "1 day"
dhcp_start: "10.0.0.18"
dhcp_end: "10.0.0.30"
dns_nameservers: "custom"
custom_dns: ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
client_isolation: true
vlan_103:
name: "Apartment_3"
id: 103
appliance_ip: "10.0.0.33"
subnet: "10.0.0.32/28"
netmask: "255.255.255.240"
dhcp_handling: "Run a DHCP server"
dhcp_lease_time: "1 day"
dhcp_start: "10.0.0.34"
dhcp_end: "10.0.0.46"
dns_nameservers: "custom"
custom_dns: ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
client_isolation: true
vlan_104:
name: "Apartment_4"
id: 104
appliance_ip: "10.0.0.49"
subnet: "10.0.0.48/28"
netmask: "255.255.255.240"
dhcp_handling: "Run a DHCP server"
dhcp_lease_time: "1 day"
dhcp_start: "10.0.0.50"
dhcp_end: "10.0.0.62"
dns_nameservers: "custom"
custom_dns: ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
client_isolation: true
vlan_105:
name: "Apartment_5"
id: 105
appliance_ip: "10.0.0.65"
subnet: "10.0.0.64/28"
netmask: "255.255.255.240"
dhcp_handling: "Run a DHCP server"
dhcp_lease_time: "1 day"
dhcp_start: "10.0.0.66"
dhcp_end: "10.0.0.78"
dns_nameservers: "custom"
custom_dns: ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
client_isolation: true
vlan_106:
name: "Apartment_6"
id: 106
appliance_ip: "10.0.0.81"
subnet: "10.0.0.80/28"
netmask: "255.255.255.240"
dhcp_handling: "Run a DHCP server"
dhcp_lease_time: "1 day"
dhcp_start: "10.0.0.82"
dhcp_end: "10.0.0.94"
dns_nameservers: "custom"
custom_dns: ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
client_isolation: true
專為物業營運商提供的技術網路設計
Identity Pre-Shared Keys 允許多租戶物業託管單一 SSID，同時將每個公寓的裝置隔離到各自的私有 VLAN 中。此設計工具可協助工程師規劃母 IP 空間大小、定義 DHCP 範圍並分配乾淨的子網路。
網路設計變數
- 針對智慧家居與遊戲裝置，提供每個公寓單位的 VLAN 隔離。
- 規劃 DHCP 範圍租約大小，以防止位址耗盡。
- 為主流企業級無線控制器直接生成設定範本。
The WiFi bubble architecture for multi-tenant housing
Modern residential developments - including Build to Rent (BTR), Purpose-Built Student Accommodation (PBSA), senior living, and social housing - require seamless property-wide connectivity without compromising resident privacy. Broadcasting individual SSIDs per apartment causes severe 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz channel congestion, while a single shared WPA2 password exposes devices to neighbors on the same Layer 2 broadcast domain.
The WiFi Bubble architecture solves this dilemma. A single property-wide SSID is broadcast across all enterprise access points. When a tenant authenticates using their unique Identity Pre-Shared Key (iPSK) or Private Pre-Shared Key (PPSK), the wireless controller consults a cloud RADIUS server and assigns the client to their dedicated private VLAN. Smart TVs, gaming consoles, Apple AirPlay streamers, and laptops communicate securely within the apartment bubble while remaining isolated from other residents.
Explore our comprehensive framework on resident onboarding, operational economics, and IoT device management in the Multi-Tenant WiFi Guide. For enterprise authentication mechanics, review the Enterprise WiFi Security Guide.
Subnet sizing and CIDR prefix allocation benchmarks
Selecting the correct subnet mask per apartment balances host capacity against IP address consumption. Use these sizing benchmarks to plan your parent network allocation across multi-dwelling buildings:
| Unit count | Max devices/unit | Per-unit CIDR mask | Usable hosts/unit | Parent network CIDR | Total parent IPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Units (Boutique BTR) | Up to 5 devices | /29 (255.255.255.248) | 6 hosts | /24 (256 IPs) | 256 addresses |
| 50 Units (Student Block) | Up to 13 devices | /28 (255.255.255.240) | 14 hosts | /22 (1,024 IPs) | 1,024 addresses |
| 100 Units (Standard MDU) | Up to 13 devices | /28 (255.255.255.240) | 14 hosts | /21 (2,048 IPs) | 2,048 addresses |
| 250 Units (Large Residential) | Up to 29 devices | /27 (255.255.255.224) | 30 hosts | /19 (8,192 IPs) | 8,192 addresses |
| 500 Units (Urban Campus) | Up to 29 devices | /27 (255.255.255.224) | 30 hosts | /18 (16,384 IPs) | 16,384 addresses |
Multi-tenant wireless authentication comparison
Evaluating wireless authentication methods for multi-dwelling residential buildings requires balancing IoT device compatibility against administrative complexity and security:
| Authentication architecture | IoT & Smart TV support | Layer 2 isolation | Client onboarding experience | Controller support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| iPSK / PPSK (Recommended) | Native WPA2/WPA3-Personal passkey. 100% compatible with headless smart devices. | Automated dynamic VLAN steering per key. Complete inter-tenant isolation. | Frictionless. Resident enters key once; smart devices discover local bubble. | Cisco Meraki, HPE Aruba, Ruckus, Juniper Mist, Extreme. |
| 802.1X Enterprise (EAP-TLS/PEAP) | Poor. Most smart plugs, game consoles, and streaming sticks lack 802.1X supplicants. | Dynamic VLAN assignment via RADIUS Tunnel attributes. | Requires certificate installation or username/password entry. High support tickets. | Universal across enterprise hardware. |
| Captive Portal Web Login | Incompatible with headless IoT without MAC authentication bypass. | Client isolation or shared guest subnet. No local device communication. | Browser pop-up required on connect. Ideal for visitors, poor for permanent residents. | Supported via Purple Cloud integrations. |
| Shared WPA2/WPA3 Pre-Shared Key | Native compatibility. | Zero isolation. All residents share the same broadcast domain (Chromecast hijacking risk). | Simple entry, but impossible to revoke a single departing tenant without re-keying all. | Consumer and enterprise APs. |
Enterprise controller implementation blueprints
Deploying multi-tenant identity keys requires configuring dynamic VLAN tags and RADIUS authorization on your wireless infrastructure:
Enable iPSK with RADIUS authentication on the MR access point SSID. The RADIUS server returns Tunnel-Private-Group-ID to dynamically place the device into the tenant VLAN routed by the MX Security Appliance.
Configure Cloud Authentication and Dynamic PSK on Aruba Central. User roles map each unique passphrase to local VLAN subnets and apply role-based access control policies at the AP edge.
Generate per-user DPSKs bound to tenant VLAN tags. Ruckus Virtual SmartZone handles encryption key matching locally and steers traffic directly into the corresponding Virtual Ethernet (VE) interface.
Mist AI provisions dynamic PSKs via API. Each resident key enforces client isolation, dynamic VLAN assignment, and per-resident bandwidth rate limiting without complex on-premise controllers.
DHCP scope and lease time engineering best practices
DHCP misconfiguration is the leading cause of connectivity failures in dense multi-tenant residential networks. Follow these engineering guidelines when deploying per-unit subnets:
Because resident devices remain on site for months, 24-hour DHCP lease times (86,400 seconds) minimize DHCP broadcast traffic and reduce CPU load on core gateway switches. For visitor or public common area SSIDs, use 2 to 4 hour leases to recycle transient MAC addresses.
Ensure switches are configured with DHCP snooping on access ports to prevent rogue DHCP servers (such as a resident accidentally connecting a consumer router backwards into an Ethernet wall jack).
iOS and Android rotate private MAC addresses by default. Allocating at least a /28 subnet (14 usable IPs) per apartment prevents pool exhaustion when residents own multiple devices that generate rotated MAC addresses.
關於多租戶 iPSK 子網路設計的所有需知
什麼是 Identity Pre-Shared Key (iPSK) 以及它在多租戶住宅中如何運作？
Identity Pre-Shared Key (iPSK) 又稱 Private Pre-Shared Key (PPSK)，允許多位住戶使用唯一的密碼連線至同一個 SSID。連線時，RADIUS 伺服器會動態將裝置指派給該公寓專屬的私有 VLAN。
iPSK 與 PPSK 有何不同？
iPSK 與 PPSK 是不同無線網路設備商對同一架構概念的稱呼（如 Cisco Meraki iPSK、Extreme Networks PPSK、Ruckus DPSK）。兩者皆透過 WPA2/WPA3-Personal 將裝置隔離至專屬 VLAN。
如何為每個公寓單位選擇適當的子網路遮罩？
對於標準的一房或兩房公寓，/28 子網路（255.255.255.240）提供 14 個可用主機 IP。對於小型學生套房，/29（6 個主機）通常足夠；而對於大型頂樓公寓，建議使用 /27（30 個主機）。
為什麼在多租戶住宅中需要客戶端隔離與動態 VLAN 指派？
在傳統的共享網路中，鄰居可以發現彼此的裝置或串流投影。動態 VLAN 指派提供了完整的第二層（Layer 2）隔離，確保安全與隱私。
Purple 如何實現 iPSK 的自動化佈署與生命週期管理？
Purple Connect 與物業管理系統 (PMS) 深度整合，在租約生效時自動產生 iPSK，並在退租時立即撤銷存取權限。
Deploying multi-tenant resident WiFi?
Purple automates resident onboarding, identity key generation, and private VLAN isolation across Cisco Meraki, Aruba, Ruckus, and Juniper Mist. Book a 20-minute architecture review.
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